EE Senior Design · Falcon 4 sounding rocket

Find the top. Split clean. Bring both home.

An autonomous flight computer, a multi-condition apogee detector and a staged, explosive-free recovery system for a student-built rocket aiming for 3–5 km. The ejected payload samples the atmosphere on the way down while live GPS guides the team to both landing sites.

3–5 kmTarget apogee, above ground level
1.5 sDelay between payload and main chute
100 HzAltitude and acceleration logging
> 5 kmLine-of-sight telemetry range
Flight sequence · simulated
Mission timeT+0.0 s
StatePAD
Altitude0 m
Vertical speed0 m/s
Accelerometer1.00 g
Payload link—

Apogee checks · all must pass

Motor burnout confirmed
Barometric altitude falling
Vertical speed near zero
Accelerometer reads near free fall
DEPLOY: HOLD

Illustrative profile for a ~4 km flight, played at 2× speed. Real timing will come from the mechanical team's flight simulation and ground tests.

Design choices

Built around where student rockets fail

Payload deployment and recovery are the most common failure points in student rocketry. Each choice below answers one of them.

No black powder

Problem: explosive charges are hazardous to handle, corrode nearby electronics and face strict lab restrictions.

A low-power servo latch or spring release unlocks the nose cone from the inside, driven by an opto-isolated MOSFET channel.

Staged separation

Problem: releasing payload and rocket chutes at the same moment tangles lines and causes mid-air collisions.

The payload leaves first under its own chute. The rocket's main chute follows 1.5 seconds later, once the payload has cleared.

Live recovery tracking

Problem: desert wind carries hardware kilometres away, and small parts vanish in the sand.

Rocket and payload each carry GPS and a LoRa radio, streaming coordinates to a ground station laptop with an offline map.

The system

Five subsystems, one flight

The mechanical team builds the motor, airframe and fins, which keep the rocket passively stable. Everything inside is ours.

01 · Flight computer

Central flight computer & sensing

  • Teensy 4.1, ARM Cortex-M7600 MHz
  • MS5611 barometric altimeter0.1 m · 100 Hz
  • BMI088 high-g IMU±24 g
  • SPI flash black box16 MB · 100 Hz

Firmware: Askar Alhajri

02 · Recovery drivers

Nose-cone release & staged deployment

  • Opto-isolated MOSFET switchesIRL3803 × 2
  • Channel 1: nose latch, payload outat apogee
  • Channel 2: rocket main chute+1.5 s
  • Backup safety timerif baro fails

Hardware: Meshari Alajaji · Firmware: Askar Alhajri

03 · Payload

Modular atmospheric payload capsule

  • ESP32-S3 microcontrollerown battery
  • Sensirion SHT40 temp & humidity−40 to 85 °C
  • Bosch BME688 gas & VOCsair quality
  • Capsule envelopeØ70 × 130 mm · 350 g
  • 24-inch nylon parachute~5 m/s

Build: Turki Alotaibi

04 · Tracking

GPS tracking & ground station

  • u-blox NEO-M9N GNSS10 Hz
  • Ebyte E22-900T30D LoRa1 W
  • Directional Yagi antennaground side
  • Python ground stationoffline map

Build: Turki Alotaibi

05 · Power

Power distribution network

  • Avionics & actuator LiPo7.4 V 2S · 1000 mAh
  • Payload LiPo3.7 V 1S · 600 mAh
  • Switching buck for actuators5.0 V · 3 A
  • Low-noise logic regulator3.3 V · 500 mA
  • Run time on internal power≥ 45 min

Design: Meshari Alajaji

06 · Integration

Simulation & interface control

  • Ascent & trajectory modelMATLAB
  • Recovery timing verificationSimulink
  • Interface Control Documentwith ME team
  • Custom circular avionics PCB2-layer

Lead: Ibrahim Shafi

Apogee logic

Deploy only at true apogee

Eject too early and the parachutes tear off at speed. Too late, and the lines tangle or the rocket falls too far. So the flight computer waits for several independent signals to agree.

  1. Pad & launch detect

    The computer logs at 100 Hz and watches the accelerometer for the launch spike.

  2. Boost & burnout

    Apogee detection stays locked out until the motor burns out, so pressure noise at high speed can't fake an apogee.

  3. Coast

    Barometer and accelerometer are fused to track altitude and vertical speed as the rocket slows.

  4. Apogee confirmed

    Channel 1 opens the nose latch and the payload ejects under its own parachute.

  5. Main chute

    Channel 2 fires 1.5 s later. Both bodies descend and stream GPS to the ground.

FIRE CHANNEL 1 WHEN ALL ARE TRUE
Motor burnout has been confirmed by the accelerometer
Barometric altitude is falling across consecutive samples
Estimated vertical speed is near zero
Accelerometer reads near free fall (no thrust, little drag)
Fallback: if the barometer fails, a backup safety timer started at launch fires both channels so the parachutes still open. Its value will be set from the flight simulation.
Architecture

From battery to ground station

Two independent electrical systems, one in the rocket and one in the payload, each reporting by radio to the ground.

Roadmap

Two semesters to launch

Senior Design I

Fall 2026 · design & bench test

  1. WEEKS 1–3 · NOWResearch & ICD alignment

    Sensing, release designs and GPS tracking; agree dimensions and latch clearances with the mechanical team.

  2. WEEKS 4–7Breadboard testing

    Regulators, MOSFET drivers and sensor breakouts; verify the barometric code tracks altitude cleanly.

  3. WEEKS 8–11PCB layout & firmware

    Circular 2-layer board; flight state machine, ejection timing and GPS routines.

  4. WEEKS 12–15Bench testing & defense

    Feed simulated altitude profiles to the flight computer and confirm the latch fires on cue.

Senior Design II

Spring 2027 · build, test & fly

  1. WEEKS 1–4PCB assembly

    Fabricate and solder the avionics boards in the university lab.

  2. WEEKS 5–8Payload & ground station

    Build the capsule, range-test the LoRa link, finish the map interface.

  3. WEEKS 9–11Pressure & ejection tests

    Vacuum-chamber pressure drops; ground ejection tests with the mechanical team.

  4. WEEKS 12–14Launch & recovery

    Open-air flight at the desert site; track and recover both bodies, pull the logs.

  5. WEEKS 15–16Analysis & exhibition

    Atmospheric data analysis, final report and the university exhibition.

Team

Electrical engineering team

Team leader · simulation

Ibrahim Shafi

Trajectory and ascent models in MATLAB/Simulink, recovery timing verification, and the interface with the mechanical team.

Flight software

Askar Alhajri

Teensy 4.1 firmware, altitude estimation and apogee detection, flash logging and safety watchdogs.

Power & PCB

Meshari Alajaji

Power distribution, opto-isolated MOSFET firing stage and the circular avionics PCB.

Payload & telemetry

Turki Alotaibi

Atmospheric payload capsule, GPS and LoRa telemetry, and the Python ground station.

Mechanical engineering team · airframe & propulsion

Abdullah Albeloshi (team leader), Hadi Alsadah, Mohammed Alkhalifa, Saad Alsaleem

Advisors

Dr. Ahmed Abul-Hussain (EE) · Dr. Zeeshan Rana (ME) · Dr. Ahmad Baroutaji (ME co-advisor)